Which technology enables computers to understand and process human language?

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is the technology that enables computers to understand and process human language. It combines computational linguistics, machine learning, and deep learning techniques to help machines interpret and respond to text and speech in a way that is both meaningful and useful.

NLP allows for a variety of applications, such as chatbots, automated translation services, and sentiment analysis, making it an essential area in the field of artificial intelligence. By analyzing the structure, grammar, and context of language, NLP models can comprehend and generate human language, which is crucial for enhancing human-computer interaction.

In contrast, while artificial intelligence encompasses a broader range of technologies aimed at replicating human cognitive functions, it does not specifically focus on language. Machine learning is a subset of AI that involves algorithms improving through experience, and while it can be utilized within NLP, it is not exclusively for language processing. Deepfake technology specifically relates to the creation of synthetic media and does not involve understanding language as its primary function. Therefore, the distinguishing feature of NLP is its focus on the interaction between computers and human language, making it the correct answer.