Which protocol is specifically designed to provide a specific function with both hardware and software components?

The choice of an embedded system is correct as it relates to protocols designed to perform specific functions involving a combination of both hardware and software components. An embedded system is essentially a computer designed to perform dedicated functions within a larger mechanical or electrical system. These systems integrate both hardware (such as microcontrollers or processors) and specialized software to achieve specific tasks efficiently, often in real-time.

For instance, an embedded system can be found in various devices like automotive controllers, medical equipment, and home appliances, where the hardware and software are intricately designed to work together seamlessly for the device's intended use.

Other options, while they play significant roles in computing and networking environments, do not inherently combine hardware and software for a specific function in the same way an embedded system does. A dedicated server is primarily a hardware solution for hosting applications or services, a virtual machine serves as a software abstraction of hardware resources to run multiple operating systems on a single physical machine, and a network interface card is a hardware component for network connectivity. Each of these serves fundamental roles but lacks the clear integration of hardware and software aimed at fulfilling a specific function found in embedded systems.