Which networking concept involves defining the role of identity across multiple security settings?

The concept of "Federation of Identity (FIdM)" refers to a framework that allows multiple organizations and systems to share and manage user identities across different security domains effectively. This approach enables users to access resources and services from various platforms without needing to create separate identities for each one. Federation streamlines the management of user identity and access control while ensuring security and compliance across all participating entities.

In a federated identity system, identity providers (IdPs) collaborate with service providers to establish trust relationships. This means that an identity recognized in one domain can be accepted and utilized in another, bridging different security settings seamlessly. Such functionality is particularly important in environments where organizations need to cooperate and integrate systems for operational efficiency, such as in cloud services or partner networks.

The other options do not encompass this broad and integrative control over identity management across multiple security settings. While cross-domain connections may involve linking different security domains, they do not necessarily imply identity management. Data exchange protocols focus on the methods and standards for data communication rather than identity management. Control routing refers to network traffic management, which is unrelated to identity or access control challenges.