Which computing technology exploits the collective properties of quantum states?

The choice of Quantum Computing is correct because it directly utilizes the principles of quantum mechanics to process information. Unlike classical computing, which relies on bits as the smallest unit of data that can either be a 0 or a 1, quantum computing employs quantum bits, or qubits, which can exist simultaneously in multiple states due to superposition. Additionally, qubits leverage entanglement, another quantum property, allowing them to be interlinked regardless of distance, thus enabling computations that would be infeasible for traditional computers. This unique capability allows quantum computers to perform complex calculations at unprecedented speeds, making them particularly powerful for specific applications such as cryptography, optimization problems, and simulations of quantum systems.

In contrast, cloud computing refers to the delivery of computing services over the internet, edge computing focuses on processing data closer to the source of generation to reduce latency, and neuromorphic computing aims to mimic the neural structure of the human brain for efficient processing. None of these technologies engage with quantum states in the way that quantum computing does, which is why they do not fit the criteria of exploiting the collective properties of quantum states.