What term encompasses both malicious and non-malicious insiders and outsiders?

The term that encompasses both malicious and non-malicious insiders and outsiders is "Human Factors." This concept refers to the behaviors, actions, and interactions of people that can affect an organization’s security posture. Human factors include the full spectrum of individuals who may impact security, from employees who inadvertently cause issues through mistakes or lack of training to those who intentionally engage in harmful activities.

This understanding is critical in cybersecurity because it emphasizes the need for comprehensive security awareness training and processes that address human behavior as a critical element of risk management. Recognizing that both insiders (employees or contractors) and outsiders (vendors or hackers) can pose risks enables organizations to build more robust security measures that account for the different motivations and capabilities of various actors.

While the other terms may relate to aspects of security and risk, they do not specifically capture the dual nature of human involvement in security incidents as effectively as "Human Factors." Environmental threats pertain to natural disasters impacting systems, operational risks generally address risks associated with day-to-day operations rather than specific individuals, and technical vulnerabilities are flaws in software or hardware that could be exploited, not directly related to the people involved.