What technology enables operational control and data acquisition in complex systems?

The technology that enables operational control and data acquisition in complex systems is Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA). SCADA systems are specifically designed to monitor and control industrial processes, infrastructure, and facility-based operations. They gather real-time data from sensors and devices, facilitating control and decision-making at a supervisory level.

SCADA systems provide critical functionalities such as remote monitoring, data collection, and control capabilities which are crucial for managing large-scale operations in fields like manufacturing, energy production, and utilities. Essentially, SCADA integrates both hardware and software components to ensure that operators can effectively oversee system performance and respond to alarms or issues that arise.

This makes SCADA distinct in its capacity to not only control operations but also to compile comprehensive data that can be used for analysis and optimization of processes, thereby enhancing efficiency and safety in complex systems.