What is the purpose of the Statement of Applicability (SOA) in risk assessment?

The Statement of Applicability (SOA) serves a critical role in risk assessment by identifying which specific controls are appropriate based on the outcomes of the risk assessment process. In the context of risk management, the SOA provides a clear and structured overview of the security controls that are deemed necessary to mitigate identified risks to an acceptable level. It typically includes a list of controls, specifies whether they are implemented or not, and explains the rationale behind each decision.

The SOA not only helps organizations determine the necessary security measures but also facilitates compliance with various standards and regulations. By aligning the identified risks with appropriate controls, organizations can better protect their information assets and ensure that their security measures are proportionate to the risks they face.

Other options suggest different focuses. Defining the organization's security policies involves a broader strategy and governance aspect rather than the specific selection of controls. Managing personnel and assets relates to operational aspects of security rather than risk assessment specifically. Outlining steps for incident response pertains to the preparedness for handling security breaches rather than assessing risks or controls. Thus, while all options are related to security in some way, identifying appropriate controls based on risk assessment outcomes is the core purpose of the SOA.