What is the concept that allows sharing computing resources within a cloud?

The concept that allows sharing computing resources within a cloud is multitenancy. In a multitenant architecture, multiple customers or tenants share the same physical resources while maintaining data isolation and security. This approach is fundamental to cloud computing because it enables efficient resource utilization, reduced costs, and scalability.

Multitenancy allows cloud service providers to serve multiple customers using shared infrastructure, such as servers, storage, and networking, which leads to economies of scale. Each tenant's applications and data are segregated, ensuring privacy and security while benefiting from a shared pool of resources. This model is key to the functionality and appeal of cloud services, as it allows organizations to access powerful computing capabilities without having to invest in dedicated hardware.

Other concepts like single tenancy involve dedicated resources for each user, which can lead to higher costs and inefficiency. Cloud federation refers to the connection and interoperability between multiple cloud services. Resource pooling is a technique that describes how cloud resources are allocated to multiple users, but it doesn't specifically address the shared aspect of different tenants utilizing those resources simultaneously. Multitenancy encapsulates the essence of sharing resources most effectively.