What is a technical control in the context of information security?

In the context of information security, a technical control refers to software or hardware solutions that are specifically designed to enforce security policies and protect information systems. These controls play a crucial role in mitigating risks by ensuring that only authorized users can access system resources, thereby preventing unauthorized access and potential data breaches.

For example, firewalls, intrusion detection systems, encryption protocols, and access control systems are all instances of technical controls. They function at various points within the network or systems to manage and monitor traffic, safeguard data, and maintain the integrity of the information environment. By providing a means to automate security measures, technical controls are vital in maintaining security compliance and protecting sensitive information.

The other options highlight different aspects of security management, such as documentation, physical measures, and organizational policies; however, they do not fit the specific definition of technical controls, which focus on technological solutions.