What has been developed by a community effort for major programming languages?

The correct answer is Secure Coding Standards. These standards are developed collaboratively by communities of developers, organizations, and security experts to provide guidelines that help software development teams create secure applications. Secure coding standards focus on best practices for coding that minimize vulnerabilities and enhance the security posture of software across various languages and environments.

The development of these standards is crucial because they offer a consistent framework that programmers can follow to avoid common pitfalls that lead to security flaws, such as input validation failures or improper error handling. By adhering to secure coding standards, developers can significantly reduce the risk of introducing vulnerabilities into their applications.

On the other hand, while secure design patterns, dynamic analysis, and code review processes certainly play important roles in improving software security, they do not necessarily represent a community-driven effort focused specifically on defining a set of guidelines across major programming languages. Secure design patterns are more about architectural approaches to security, dynamic analysis refers to the runtime testing of applications, and code reviews are typically a part of the development process aimed at identifying issues rather than formalized standards.