What does the term "baseline" refer to in security terms?

The term "baseline" in security contexts refers to a reference point for system configuration. It establishes a standard or benchmark for security measures, system settings, and configurations within an organization. By defining a baseline, organizations can identify deviations from the accepted configuration, which can signify potential security issues or vulnerabilities. Baselines help ensure that systems are securely configured and maintained over time, enabling effective monitoring and evaluation of security posture.

In practice, baselines may involve guidelines for hardware settings, software installations, user permissions, and more, providing a framework against which compliance and security audits can be conducted. This approach allows organizations to manage risks more effectively and maintain the integrity and security of their IT environments.