What does File Integrity Monitoring (FIM) primarily monitor?

File Integrity Monitoring (FIM) is a security process that specifically focuses on monitoring changes to files and directories within a system. It tracks any alterations such as additions, deletions, and modifications to files that could indicate unauthorized access or malicious activity. By keeping an ongoing record of file states, FIM helps in ensuring that files maintain their integrity, which is vital for organizations that deal with sensitive data.

For instance, if a system file is changed unexpectedly, FIM can alert administrators to potential security breaches or system misconfigurations, allowing for prompt investigation and remediation. This capability is crucial for maintaining compliance with various regulatory standards that require the safeguarding of data integrity.

In contrast, monitoring network traffic pertains to the flow of data packets across a network, while user activity refers to the actions performed by users on a system, both of which do not specifically track file changes. Data leakage is associated with unauthorized transmission of data outside the organization, which also falls outside the primary function of FIM. Thus, the core purpose of File Integrity Monitoring is specifically and effectively centered on tracking and verifying changes to files.