What device can perform sequential operations using a dedicated instruction set?

A microcontroller is designed to perform sequential operations using a dedicated instruction set tailored for specific tasks. It integrates a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals onto a single chip, which allows it to execute instructions and control other components in embedded systems effectively.

Microcontrollers are commonly used in applications like automotive controls, appliance management, and robotics, where they perform specific functions repeatedly and efficiently. They are optimized for low power consumption and can handle real-time processing tasks, making them ideal for the specific, dedicated applications they are built for.

While microprocessors and central processing units (CPUs) also perform sequential operations, they are generally more powerful and designed for more complex tasks involving multitasking and running a broad range of applications. On the other hand, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) are specialized hardware designed for a particular application and do not operate as general-purpose processing units; rather, they are optimized for speed and efficiency in that specific function.